Engel & Völkers
  • 5 min read

What is bare ownership and why are more and more investors considering it?

Hombre estudiando posibilidades inmobiliarias

In recent years, bare ownership has gone from being an unfamiliar term to the general public to becoming a somewhat more popular real estate investment formula. The reason is that this legal concept allows a property to be acquired at a reduced price, with full legal backing and with a long-term revaluation horizon.

Bare ownership is more than just a legal concept: it is a strategic opportunity to diversify portfolios, improve tax efficiency, and secure long-term returns.

In this article, we’ll look at what bare ownership is, why more and more investors are considering it, and the key aspects to take into account before investing.

Table of Content

  1. What is bare ownership and how does it work?

  2. Advantages of investing in bare ownership

  3. Tax and estate planning benefits

  4. Risks and aspects to consider before investing

  5. Perfil del inversor en nuda propiedad

  6. El mercado de la nuda propiedad en España en 2025

  7. ¿Por qué invertir en nuda propiedad con Engel & Völkers?

  8. Preguntas frecuentes sobre la nuda propiedad

What is bare ownership and how does it work?

Bare ownership is the legal concept by which the ownership of a property is separated from its use. The buyer of the bare ownership becomes the bare owner, while the seller retains the usufruct—that is, the right to continue living in the home or to enjoy it until the end of their life (lifetime usufruct) or for the agreed period (temporary usufruct).

The difference from full ownership is clear: full ownership combines the three fundamental rights of a property—ownership, use, and enjoyment—while in bare ownership only the ownership is acquired, with use reserved for the usufructuary.

It is commonly used in cases of older people who need liquidity and achieve it by selling this part of their property, which allows them to continue living there while obtaining an injection of liquidity.

This structure offers advantages to both parties: the senior owner obtains immediate liquidity without leaving their home, and the investor acquires a real estate asset at a price lower than the market, with the certainty of obtaining full ownership in the future.

Advantages of investing in bare ownership

Investing in bare ownership presents unique benefits that make it a particularly attractive alternative within the real estate market.

Purchase price below market value

The discount on the acquisition price can range between 30% and 50% of the market value, depending on the usufructuary’s age and the expected duration of the usufruct. This allows investors to access properties they might not normally consider or that would otherwise be less attractive financially.

Safe investment with legal backing

Bare ownership is regulated under the Spanish Civil Code and requires a public deed before a notary and registration in the Land Registry. This guarantees legal security for both the investor and the usufructuary.

No maintenance expenses

During the usufruct, ordinary maintenance costs, utilities, and taxes such as property tax (IBI) are borne by the usufructuary. Therefore, the bare owner does not assume the day-to-day costs of the property, which increases the net profitability of the investment.

Potential for long-term revaluation

When the usufruct ends, the bare owner regains full ownership of the property. By then, the property will usually have appreciated in value, especially if it is located in high-demand areas such as city centers, prime locations, or exclusive coastal areas.

Portfolio diversification

Bare ownership allows investors to balance portfolios by incorporating a stable, low-risk real estate asset with a guaranteed return horizon. For many investors, it serves as an alternative to more volatile financial products or to the active management of rentals.

Tax and estate planning benefits

One of the most attractive aspects of bare ownership is its tax and estate implications.Sellers obtain immediate liquidity with tax advantages compared to other formulas, while buyers benefit from a clear and less burdensome transfer in tax terms. In the context of inheritance, bare ownership allows succession planning in advance: heirs become bare owners, avoiding excessive tax burdens in the future.

This model is also useful in donation operations with reserved usufruct, where the donor transfers ownership while maintaining the right of use. In all cases, the key is that the operation is recognized and regulated under Spanish law, providing a framework of trust.

Risks and aspects to consider before investing

Like any investment, bare ownership is not without risks.

  • Uncertain time horizon: if the usufruct is lifetime, the usufructuary’s age and health condition influence the moment when the investor will regain full ownership.

  • Real estate market: although historically Spanish real estate has appreciated, there may be periods of adjustment or slower growth in certain areas.

  • Usage limitations: the bare owner cannot live in or rent out the property until the usufruct ends.

For this reason, expert advice is essential, evaluating not only the quality of the property and its location but also the profile of the usufructuary and the legal context of the operation.

Dos personas firmando un contrato

Perfil del inversor en nuda propiedad

La nuda propiedad se adapta especialmente a:

  • Inversores de medio y largo plazo, que buscan activos sólidos con rentabilidad diferida.

  • Perfiles conservadores, interesados en fórmulas seguras y con respaldo legal.

  • Familias con visión patrimonial, que utilizan la nuda propiedad como herramienta para planificar herencias y diversificar activos.

En Engel & Völkers vemos cómo este modelo atrae cada vez más a clientes de alto valor, que entienden la inversión inmobiliaria como una estrategia global y buscan diversificar más allá de fórmulas tradicionales.

El mercado de la nuda propiedad en España en 2025

En los últimos años, las operaciones de nuda propiedad han experimentado un crecimiento sostenido en España. De hecho, según el Colegio de Registradores de España, en 2022, el crecimiento de operaciones de nuda propiedad era del 23,7% interanual. 

El envejecimiento de la población, el interés de los seniors en obtener liquidez sin abandonar su hogar y la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades de inversión han impulsado esta tendencia.

Para los inversores, 2025 representa un momento especialmente atractivo: el mercado es más maduro, existe mayor transparencia en las operaciones y hay más actores especializados. 

¿Por qué invertir en nuda propiedad con Engel & Völkers?

Invertir en nuda propiedad requiere experiencia, rigor y confianza. En Engel & Völkers ofrecemos:

  • Asesoramiento especializado, con expertos en operaciones patrimoniales y fiscales.

  • Selección de propiedades premium, ubicadas en las zonas más demandadas del mercado.

  • Seguridad y transparencia, garantizando que cada operación se formalice con todas las garantías legales.

  • Red internacional con presencia local, lo que permite acceder a oportunidades exclusivas con visión global.

Invertir con Engel & Völkers significa contar con un socio que entiende tanto el valor financiero como el valor humano de cada operación.

La nuda propiedad es hoy una de las opciones más inteligentes para quienes desean invertir en el mercado inmobiliario con visión a largo plazo, seguridad jurídica y ventajas fiscales.

En Engel & Völkers ayudamos a nuestros clientes a identificar oportunidades exclusivas y acompañamos cada paso del proceso para asegurar inversiones sólidas y rentables.

¿Quieres explorar oportunidades en nuda propiedad?Contacta con Engel & Völkers y descubre cómo convertir este modelo en una estrategia de éxito dentro de tu patrimonio.

Preguntas frecuentes sobre la nuda propiedad

¿Puedo vender la nuda propiedad antes de que acabe el usufructo?Sí, es posible. El nuevo comprador deberá respetar el usufructo vigente hasta su extinción.

¿Qué gastos corresponden al nudo propietario?Generalmente, impuestos como el IBI y reparaciones estructurales. Los gastos ordinarios corren a cargo del usufructuario.

¿Qué ocurre si el usufructuario alquila la vivienda?Está en su derecho, ya que conserva el uso y disfrute. El nudo propietario no interviene hasta recuperar el pleno dominio.

¿Cómo se calcula el precio de la nuda propiedad?Depende de la edad y esperanza de vida del usufructuario, además del valor de mercado del inmueble. Suele estar entre un 30% y un 50% del valor de mercado.

¿Es una inversión adecuada para perfiles conservadores?Sí. Precisamente su bajo riesgo, seguridad jurídica y horizonte claro de revalorización la hacen ideal para este perfil.

¿Qué pasa si el usufructuario fallece antes de lo previsto?El nudo propietario pasa automáticamente a tener el pleno dominio del inmueble.

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08017 Barcelona, España

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